Epilepsy is a brain disorder where there’s an ongoing tendency to have recurrent, unprovoked seizures.

Today, more people with epilepsy achieve seizure control, maintain independence, and live full, meaningful lives. Innovations in surgery, neurostimulation, genetics, AI, and wearables are rapidly changing what is possible.

As global populations age, the incidence of seizures and epilepsy rises sharply—particularly after age 65. Yet the mechanisms that make the aging brain more vulnerable to abnormal electrical activity remain poorly understood. A growing body of evidence points toward dysfunction in one crucial system: the neurovascular unit (NVU).